If you find that you need to provide a new mix after the mastering process has begun, please be aware that this will incur additional costs. Contrary to what some might think, it's not as simple as just swapping in the new mix and applying the same settings. While I do save all versions and settings, several tasks must be redone from scratch when a new file is submitted. These tasks include listening through the entire mix again to identify and manually address any issues, such as clicks, pops, or other audio artifacts. This work is done in iZotope RX, which unfortunately does not allow previously performed processes to be recalled on a new audio file. The mix must then be re-imported into WaveLab, and any potential issues from previous processing on the revised mix need to be checked. These steps are crucial to ensure the final master meets the highest quality standards. Additionally, time is required for managing files, performing conversions, re-rendering the master, and uploading it for your approval. Because of the time and steps involved, it’s essential to triple-check your mix files before submitting them for mastering. Taking the time to thoroughly review your mix can help avoid unnecessary delays and extra costs.

This is a tricky question to answer because it really can vary. When I'm mixing a project, I only usually offer mastering if the budget for a good third party mastering engineer is completely out of the question. I completely understand that music production can be very expensive, especially for self-funding artists. Since mastering comes right at the end of the process, it can be tempting to save costs by opting for a more budget-friendly master provided by the same person who mixed the track. Sometimes, the results of this can be good. Sometimes, even better than using a separate mastering engineer - but that’s usually the case only if the mastering engineer is either A) not very good, or B) has misunderstood the vision for the song. There are several benefits to using a good third-party mastering engineer: One of the most significant advantages is the fresh perspective a mastering engineer brings. Hearing a track for the first time allows them to catch issues that might go unnoticed by someone deeply involved in the mixing process. This fresh set of ears can identify subtle imbalances and make objective decisions that enhance the overall sound. For the same reason, I personally prefer not to hear tracks before the mastering process begins, as it helps me approach the project with a completely unbiased perspective. Another key benefit is the specialised expertise that a dedicated mastering engineer provides. Mastering requires a different skill set and tools than mixing. A mastering engineer focuses on the finer details of audio balance, consistency, and overall sound quality, ensuring that the track sounds great on all playback systems. Finally, using a separate mastering engineer adds an essential layer of quality control. They ensure that the track is polished, cohesive, and ready for release, offering a final check that can elevate a great mix to an outstanding final product.

During mastering, we work with a stereo mix - essentially a combined version of the song with just two channels (left and right). Because of this, it can be difficult to adjust one element, like an instrument, without affecting others. For instance, if the bass guitar needs more low end during mastering, boosting it might also cause the kick drum to sound too heavy. Mixing is the process where you have full control over each individual track or element in the song. You can isolate instruments, adjust their levels, tweak their tones, and apply effects such as reverb or delay. This is where the overall balance and sound of the song are shaped and refined. The more polished and balanced your mix is, the better the mastering process will complement it. Mastering isn’t about fixing a mix; it’s about enhancing what’s already there and ensuring that all the tracks in an album sound cohesive. A well-mastered project should feel balanced and consistent, with no need for the listener to adjust the volume or EQ settings while playing it.

Mastering typically requires fewer revisions than mixing, as it's more about fine-tuning rather than broad adjustments. Revisions during mastering often involve minor tweaks, such as adjusting the spacing between tracks. However, I offer free, unlimited revisions for mastering, provided the requests are within the scope of what can be achieved during the mastering process. For example, asking for more dynamic range is a reasonable request, provided that the mix isn’t too compressed to allow for this change. On the other hand, requests like making the bass guitar louder can be challenging to fulfil during mastering. Adjusting individual instrument levels, such as the bass, is best handled during the mixing stage, where balance can be altered without compromising other elements. Revisions must be achievable with the stereo mix provided. As long as the request is feasible within these constraints, I’m more than happy to work with you to realise your vision.

Mastering is the final quality control of your music, ensuring it meets professional standards. While the process can vary, it generally involves technical checks to ensure consistency in loudness, tonal balance, and spacing between tracks, if applicable. Mastering ensures your mix translates well across all playback systems, applying final processing to enhance the project's creative goals. Sometimes, it’s about knowing when to make minimal changes and simply prepare the project for release. Additionally, mastering ensures you have the correct file formats for all release purposes, optimising the audio at every stage.